Two indispensable items need to be taken into
account in order to rebuild and reinterpret the spatial planning in
countries with an important river network: The role of the river in
the transport network and its territorial consolidation.
Second, the role of the city as a control and territorial
organisational tool in the urbanisation phenomenon. Diana
Alvarez
"Deregionalisation", "delocalisation",
"ubiquity" and so on are labels which identify processes of a
progressive loss of the sense of place, to the advantage of an
economy of flows -primarily financial- which often is without
roots, without local ties, indifferent to places and to communities
and which is, to a certain extent, also ecologically, socially and
politically "irresponsible". Sandro Fabbro
Places are not only physical elements to be
measured and evaluated in terms of distance, cost, or physical
impedance, but are also, perhaps above all, founding elements of
civilisation, then the spatial-temporal destructuring imposed
by the economy, which travels at the speed of light, does not
necessarily have to present places and regions as useless, but should
force a rethinking of values and basic cultural, economic and
political functions. Sandro Fabbro
It is up to "urbanistic" culture to seek
positive solutions which would permit management of the conflict
emerging between the "economy" and the "culture" of places, on one
hand, and the interests of an "economy" and a "culture" of networks,
on the other. Sandro Fabbro
It is strategic for modern regions to
provide networks, then the way in which these are organised and rooted
in the region in relation to places is even more strategic.
Sandro Fabbro
Urban sprawl is a common problem
encountered in Europe. It induces high level of car use and, usually,
congestion on roads giving access to city centres. Sylvie Gayda
Whereas the car-network has decentralised our
cities, and the train-station is used to foster concentration,
airports clearly trigger the "poly-centralization" of
metropolitan areas. Mathis Güller
Even though access to information,
infrastructures and knowledge has been recognised as a basic human
right, it is not equally distributed over the territory.
Philippe Mathis
TOP
Disaffiliation should be understood not
as exclusion from the social body, but as a marginalisation of a group
by means of mechanisms that the state does not master and has to fight
against. Philippe Mathis
The aim of town and country planning is
to guarantee equal access to health, education, culture and
information services, whatever the area where the people live.
Philippe Mathis
Airports developed in the past focusing on the
airside and neglected to build a good neighbourhood relationship
with the authorities representing the territory they are located
in. Ignasi Ragas
The concept ‘urban network’ can be considered a
vehicle to strengthen the international territorial competitiveness
of polycentric urban regions. The development of an interconnected
urban network of complementary centres is instrumental in this. It is
hypothesised that urban centres with complementary assets at close
proximity, i.e. approximately within the upper range of daily activity
patterns, profit from pooled local markets and can therefore
provide broader packages of higher-quality attributes to businesses,
skilled professionals, households, and tourists than each centre
separately can. Arie Romein
The
proneness by local stakeholders, in particular municipal governments,
to co-operate and co-ordinate their policies within a larger regional
perspective is often restricted. Competition and duplication of
assets rather than a culture of co-operation are commonplace. This
confines the feasibility to accomplish increasing complementarity of
urban centres on the regional scale. Arie Romein
The feasibility of co-operation and
co-ordination by regional stakeholders within a denominated urban
network can be examined by analysing the dynamics of the spatial scope
of mobility patterns. If no general tendency of enlargement of
this scope from local levels to the regional level can be observed,
implementation of the concept of ‘urban network’ will be far
from easy. Arie Romein
Increasingly towns and municipalities are
confronted with tasks that will not be resolved by themselves. These
challenges are based on very complex problems which surpass the
municipalities administrative and spatial influence. Nicole
Schaefer
But, How much co-operation is necessary? How
flexible should co-operation be and what could the organisational
structure of a network between cities looks like? Nicole
Schaefer
Do networks only work between equal partners
with very similar problems and expectations as well as between a
central city and its environs, or are networks also a suitable
solution for cities in a polycentric and heterogeneous region?
Nicole Schaefer
In the future municipalities must share their
responsibilities and tasks within a region and across regional borders
if they strive to be successful amongst international competition.
Nicole Schaefer
The system theory point out the essential
character of networks in the use of territory; Albert Serratosa
The recent territorial changes have not occurred
in just a few large places. Rather, the society and the territory have
been permeated by a minute, continuous and dispersed process of
modification. Paradoxically, the dispersion of houses and factories in
recent times has led to a densification of a pre-existent
dispersed settlement. In recent years a process of polarization by
introverted settlements, reconfiguring the territory as a mosaic and
introducing a blend characterized by a more marked grain. Maria
Tosi
The present structure of urbanised areas seems
to be an anachronistic pattern involved in chaotic expansion.
Tadeusz Zipser
Facts reveal major social and spatial
disparities concerning access to the information transmitted
through ICT. Those disparities seem to call into question the capacity
of the network to achieve social cohesion. Philippe Mathis